@font-face{font-family:ET Book;src:url(/assets/fonts/et-book-regular.woff)format("woff");font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:ET Book;src:url(/assets/fonts/et-book-italic.woff)format("woff");font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:ET Book;src:url(/assets/fonts/et-book-bold.woff)format("woff");font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:Geist;src:url(/assets/fonts/geist-latin.woff2)format("woff2");font-style:normal;font-weight:100 900;font-display:swap}:root{--paper:#fff;--ink:#181a1b;--muted:#595e61;--line:#d9dcdd;--soft:#f5f6f6;--accent:#b5311d;--sans:"Geist", Arial, sans-serif;--serif:"ET Book", Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", Georgia, serif;--text-xs:.8125rem;--text-sm:.875rem;--text-base:1rem;--text-lg:1.25rem;--text-xl:1.5625rem;--text-2xl:1.95313rem;--text-3xl:2.4414rem;--text-4xl:3.0518rem;--text-5xl:3.8147rem;--text-6xl:4.7684rem;--space-1:.25rem;--space-2:.5rem;--space-3:1rem;--space-4:1.5rem;--space-5:2rem;--space-6:3rem;--space-7:4rem;--space-8:6rem;--content-width:76rem;--gutter:clamp(24px, 6vw, 96px);--grid-gap:20px}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:32px}body{background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:400 1.25rem/1.5 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.025em;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;margin:0}a{color:inherit;text-underline-offset:.25em;text-decoration:none}a:hover{color:var(--accent)}button,input{font:inherit}button{cursor:pointer}a,button,input,summary{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible,[role=tabpanel]:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:5px}main:focus{outline:none}img{max-width:100%}button{color:inherit}h1,h2,h3,h4,p{margin-top:0}h1,h2,h3,h4{text-wrap:balance;font-weight:400}h1{font-size:var(--text-6xl);letter-spacing:-.045em;line-height:1.03}h2{font-size:var(--text-3xl);letter-spacing:-.035em;line-height:1.14}h3{font-size:var(--text-2xl);letter-spacing:-.025em;line-height:1.2}h4{font-size:var(--text-lg);line-height:1.4}p{margin-bottom:var(--space-3)}.icon{vertical-align:-.18em;flex:none;width:18px;height:18px;display:inline-block}.skip{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;z-index:50;padding:12px 20px;position:fixed;top:-100px;left:20px}.skip:focus{top:12px}.wrap{width:100%;max-width:calc(var(--content-width) + 2 * var(--gutter));padding-inline:var(--gutter);margin-inline:auto}.site-header{gap:var(--grid-gap);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));align-items:center;min-height:72px;display:grid}.brand{grid-column:1/5;justify-self:start;align-items:center;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex}.brand img{width:112px;height:auto;display:block}.brand span{color:var(--accent)}.nav{justify-content:flex-end;gap:var(--space-5);font-size:var(--text-sm);grid-column:5/-1;display:flex}.nav a{align-items:center;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex}.nav a[aria-current=page]{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px}.nav .contact{margin-left:var(--space-4)}.eyebrow,.section-number,.tag{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:0;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5}.section-number{font-size:var(--text-sm)}.text-link{font-size:var(--text-sm);align-items:center;gap:12px;min-height:44px;line-height:1.45;display:inline-flex}.text-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.text-link .icon,.code-index .icon,.project-record>a .icon{transition:transform .18s}.text-link:hover .icon,.code-index a:hover .icon{transform:translate(3px)}.identity{padding-top:var(--space-5)}.identity-label{gap:var(--grid-gap);font-size:var(--text-sm);color:var(--muted);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));display:grid}.identity-label span:first-child{grid-column:1/9}.identity-label span:last-child{grid-column:10/-1}.identity-bottom{gap:var(--grid-gap);margin-block:var(--space-5);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));align-items:start;display:grid}.identity-copy{grid-column:1/9}.identity h1{letter-spacing:-.045em;margin:0 0 28px;font-size:clamp(64px,7vw,90px);font-weight:500;line-height:.98}.identity-intro{letter-spacing:-.02em;max-width:42ch;margin-bottom:var(--space-3);font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.4}.identity-photo{grid-column:10/-1;max-width:240px;margin:0;padding-top:4px}.identity-photo img{aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:contain;width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.identity-photo figcaption{color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-xs);margin-top:var(--space-3);line-height:1.6}.identity-index{gap:var(--grid-gap);grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));margin-block:32px 40px;display:grid}.identity-index a{border-top:1px solid var(--line);min-height:56px;font-size:var(--text-sm);align-items:center;gap:12px;display:flex}.identity-index a>span{color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-xs)}.identity-index a>.icon:last-child{margin-left:auto}.identity-index a:last-child>.icon{margin-left:0}.section{padding-block:var(--space-7);border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.homepage>.section{border-top:2px solid var(--ink);padding-block:40px 56px}.section-heading{gap:var(--grid-gap);margin-bottom:var(--space-5);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));align-items:baseline;display:grid}.section-heading .section-number{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;color:var(--accent);grid-column:1/4}.section-heading h2{grid-column:4/10;margin:0;font-size:2rem;line-height:1.15}.section-heading>.text-link{grid-column:10/-1;justify-self:end}.employer{gap:var(--grid-gap);padding-block:var(--space-6);border-top:1px solid var(--line);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));display:grid}.employer:first-child{border:0;padding-top:0}.employer-mark{grid-column:1/4;padding-top:8px}.employer>div:last-child{grid-column:4/-1}.employer-mark img{object-fit:contain;object-position:left center;height:auto;display:block}.spacex-mark{width:152px}.amazon-mark{width:112px}.employer-mark>span{color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-xs);margin-top:var(--space-4);display:block}.team-summary{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:24px}.team-summary:first-child{border:0;padding-top:0}.team-summary:last-child{padding-bottom:0}.team-heading{justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--space-5);align-items:baseline;display:flex}.team-heading h3{margin:0;font-size:1.375rem}.team-heading>span{font-size:var(--text-xs);white-space:nowrap;color:var(--muted)}.team-role{color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-sm);margin-top:var(--space-2)}.team-summary p{font-size:var(--text-base);max-width:62ch;margin:10px 0 0}.career-roles{margin:20px 0 0;padding-left:20px;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.4}.career-roles li{margin-block:10px;padding-left:4px}.career-role-dates{color:var(--muted);font:400 .8125rem/1.5 var(--sans);white-space:nowrap;margin-left:16px;display:inline-block}.career-end{height:var(--space-8)}.research-preview{gap:var(--grid-gap);padding-block:var(--space-6);border-top:1px solid var(--line);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));align-items:start;display:grid}.section-heading+.research-preview{border-top:0;padding-top:0}.research-preview-copy{padding-right:var(--space-5);grid-column:1/5}.research-preview-copy h3{margin:12px 0 16px;font-size:1.75rem;line-height:1.15}.research-preview-copy p{color:var(--muted);max-width:36ch;font-size:var(--text-base);margin-bottom:var(--space-3);line-height:1.6}.research-preview-image,.research-preview-interactive{grid-column:5/-1;min-width:0}.research-preview-image{color:#181a1b;background:#fff;margin:0;padding:24px;display:block}.research-preview-image img{object-fit:contain;width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.digits-preview{align-self:start}.digits-preview figcaption{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:#595e61;border-top:1px solid #d9dcdd;margin-top:24px;padding-top:16px;line-height:1.5}.code-index{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:var(--space-4);gap:var(--grid-gap);font-size:var(--text-sm);grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));display:grid}.code-index>span{color:var(--muted)}.code-index a{align-items:center;gap:12px;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex}.essay-feature,.list-row{gap:var(--grid-gap);padding-block:var(--space-5);border-top:1px solid var(--line);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));display:grid}.essay-feature>.eyebrow,.list-row>.year{color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-xs);grid-column:1/4;padding-top:8px;line-height:1.7}.essay-feature>div,.list-row>div:not(.year){grid-column:4/12}.essay-feature>.icon,.list-row>.icon,.row-arrow{grid-column:12;justify-self:end;margin-top:8px}.essay-feature h3{max-width:28ch;margin-bottom:var(--space-4);font-size:2rem}.essay-feature p,.list-row p{color:var(--muted);max-width:60ch;margin-bottom:0}.list-row h3{margin:0;font-size:1.75rem}.list-row p{margin-top:var(--space-3)}.tag{margin-bottom:var(--space-3);display:inline-block}.homepage .interests-section{background:var(--soft);margin-inline:calc(-1 * var(--gutter));padding-inline:var(--gutter);border-top:2px solid var(--ink)}.interests-copy{gap:var(--grid-gap);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));display:grid}.interests-copy p:first-child{grid-column:3/7;margin:0;font-size:1.625rem;line-height:1.25}.interests-copy p:last-child{color:var(--muted);grid-column:8/-1;margin:0}.footer{border-top:1px solid var(--ink);padding-block:var(--space-6) var(--space-4)}.footer-top{gap:var(--grid-gap);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));align-items:end;display:grid}.footer-top>div:first-child{grid-column:1/8}.footer h2{font-size:var(--text-4xl);margin:var(--space-3) 0}.footer-links{justify-content:flex-end;gap:var(--space-4);font-size:var(--text-sm);flex-wrap:wrap;grid-column:9/-1;display:flex}.footer-links a{align-items:center;gap:8px;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex}.footer-bottom{justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--space-3);margin-top:var(--space-7);font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--muted);flex-wrap:wrap;display:flex}.homepage .research-section{--paper:#191c1e;--ink:#f5f5f5;--muted:#b5babd;--line:#41474b;--accent:#fa927c;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);margin-inline:calc(-1 * var(--gutter));padding-inline:var(--gutter);border-top-color:#191c1e;padding-bottom:40px}.research-section .vision-explorer{background:0 0;border:0;margin:0;padding:0}.research-section .metric-tabs{gap:24px}.research-section .metric-tabs button{color:#b5babd}.research-section .metric-tabs button[aria-selected=true]{color:#fff;border-bottom-color:var(--accent)}.research-section .plot-label strong{font-size:2.5rem;font-weight:450}.research-section .bar-track{background:#343b3f;height:10px}.research-section .plot-takeaway{min-height:114px;margin-top:24px;padding-top:20px}.research-section .plot-takeaway h4{font-size:var(--text-base);letter-spacing:-.01em;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4}.research-section .plot-protocol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:16px}.homepage .writing-section{border-top:2px solid var(--ink);padding-top:40px}.writing-section .essay-feature h3{font-family:var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.03em;font-size:2.125rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.16}.writing-section .essay-feature:hover h3,.writing-section .list-row:hover h3{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px}.page-head{padding-block:var(--space-7) var(--space-6);max-width:1040px}.page-head h1{max-width:22ch;margin-block:var(--space-3) var(--space-5);font-size:clamp(40px,5.6vw,76px)}.page-head .lead{font-size:var(--text-lg);color:var(--muted);max-width:64ch;margin-bottom:0;line-height:1.6}.page-head.compact{padding-bottom:var(--space-5)}.back{margin-top:var(--space-5);min-height:44px;font-size:var(--text-sm);color:var(--muted);align-items:center;gap:8px;display:inline-flex}.article{width:100%;max-width:none;padding-bottom:var(--space-8);margin-inline:0}.article p,.article li{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5}.article h2{font-size:var(--text-2xl);margin-block:var(--space-6) var(--space-4)}.article h3{font-size:var(--text-xl);margin-block:var(--space-5) var(--space-3)}.article a:not(.button){-webkit-text-decoration:underline #999fa2;text-decoration:underline #999fa2}.article ul,.article ol{padding-left:24px}.article blockquote{border-left:2px solid var(--accent);padding:8px 0 8px var(--space-4);margin:var(--space-6) 0}.article blockquote p{font-size:var(--text-xl);letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:0;line-height:1.5}.article-meta{gap:var(--space-5);padding-block:var(--space-4);border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:var(--space-5);color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-xs);flex-wrap:wrap;display:flex}.article-meta strong{color:var(--ink);margin-top:4px;font-weight:500;display:block}.actions{gap:var(--space-4);margin-block:var(--space-5);flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;display:flex}.button{color:#fff;background:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--ink);min-height:48px;font-size:var(--text-sm);justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:12px 20px;display:inline-flex}.button:hover{background:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent);color:#fff}.callout{border-left:2px solid var(--accent);padding:8px 0 8px var(--space-4);margin-block:var(--space-5)}.callout p{margin:0}.research-figure{width:100%;height:auto;margin-top:var(--space-5);display:block}.figure-caption,.article .figure-caption,.paper-figure figcaption{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--muted);margin-top:var(--space-3);line-height:1.65}.paper-figure{margin:var(--space-6) 0}.paper-figure img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.paper-figure a{display:block}.reading-note{color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-sm);max-width:68ch;margin-bottom:var(--space-5)}.article .refs p{font-size:var(--text-sm);overflow-wrap:anywhere}.essay p{overflow-wrap:break-word}.article .essay p{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:var(--text-lg);line-height:1.5}.article .essay h2{font-size:var(--text-xl)}.resume-section{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:var(--space-6);padding-top:var(--space-4)}.resume-section h2{margin-top:0}.project-catalog{padding-bottom:var(--space-8)}.project-record{gap:var(--grid-gap);padding-block:var(--space-6);border-top:1px solid var(--line);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));display:grid}.project-number{color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-xs);grid-column:1;padding-top:8px}.project-record>a:first-of-type{grid-column:2/8}.project-record h2{font-size:var(--text-2xl);margin-bottom:var(--space-3)}.project-record p{color:var(--muted);max-width:60ch;margin:0}.project-details{color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-xs);grid-column:9/12;padding-top:8px}.project-details strong{color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:8px;font-weight:500;display:block}.project-record>a:last-child{font-size:var(--text-sm);grid-column:12;place-self:start end;align-items:center;gap:8px;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex}.project-record a:hover h2{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px}.home-writing{padding-bottom:var(--space-7)}.home-writing>.eyebrow{margin-bottom:var(--space-4)}.about-grid{gap:var(--grid-gap);padding-bottom:var(--space-7);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));display:grid}.about-grid>figure{grid-column:10/-1}.about-grid p{max-width:64ch;font-size:1.0625rem}.about-portrait{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.two-col{gap:var(--space-7);grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;display:grid}.affiliation{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:var(--space-5)}.affiliation h3{font-size:var(--text-xl);margin-bottom:var(--space-3)}.affiliation .eyebrow{margin-bottom:var(--space-3)}.affiliation p{font-size:var(--text-base);margin-bottom:var(--space-3)}.section-top{margin-bottom:var(--space-5)}.section-top .eyebrow{margin-bottom:var(--space-3)}.vision-explorer,.subspace-lab{margin-block:var(--space-5);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:var(--space-5);background:var(--paper)}.metric-tabs{gap:var(--space-4);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);display:flex}.metric-tabs button{min-height:48px;font-size:var(--text-sm);color:var(--muted);background:0 0;border:0;border-bottom:2px solid #0000;padding:12px 0}.metric-tabs button[aria-selected=true]{color:var(--ink);border-bottom-color:var(--ink)}.plot-heading{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--muted);margin-block:var(--space-4) var(--space-5);justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;display:flex}.comparison-plot{gap:var(--space-5);display:grid}.plot-label{justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:12px;margin-bottom:12px;display:flex}.plot-label>span{font-size:var(--text-base)}.plot-label strong{font-size:var(--text-3xl);letter-spacing:-.035em;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-weight:450;line-height:1.1}.plot-label small{font-size:var(--text-xs);letter-spacing:0;margin-left:8px}.bar-track{background:#eef0f0;height:8px;overflow:hidden}.bar-fill{background:var(--ink);transform-origin:0;width:100%;height:100%;transition:transform .3s}.model-0 .bar-fill{background:var(--accent)}.plot-takeaway{min-height:120px;margin-top:var(--space-5);padding-top:var(--space-4);border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.plot-takeaway h4{font-size:var(--text-base);margin-bottom:8px}.plot-takeaway p,.article .plot-takeaway p{color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-sm);margin:0;line-height:1.65}.plot-protocol,.article .plot-protocol{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--muted);margin:var(--space-4) 0 0;line-height:1.6}.results-table{margin-top:var(--space-4);font-size:var(--text-sm);overflow-x:auto}.results-table summary{cursor:pointer;min-height:44px;padding-top:8px}.results-table table{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left;width:100%;margin-top:var(--space-3);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.results-table th,.results-table td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:12px 8px}.results-table th{font-weight:500}.results-table caption{text-align:left;color:var(--muted);font-size:var(--text-xs);margin-bottom:var(--space-3)}.lab-heading h3,.article .lab-heading h3{font-size:var(--text-xl);margin:0 0 12px}.lab-heading p,.article .lab-heading p{font-size:var(--text-sm);color:var(--muted);margin:0;line-height:1.6}.lab-modes{margin-top:var(--space-4);border:0;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 24px;padding:0;display:flex}.lab-modes legend{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:8px}.lab-modes label{min-height:44px;font-size:var(--text-sm);align-items:center;gap:8px;display:flex}.lab-modes input{width:16px;height:16px;accent-color:var(--accent)}.subspace-lab svg{width:100%;height:auto;max-height:380px;display:block}.lab-slider{font-size:var(--text-sm);grid-template-columns:1fr auto;align-items:center;gap:12px;display:grid}.lab-slider output{font-size:var(--text-lg);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.lab-slider input{width:100%;min-height:44px;accent-color:var(--accent);grid-column:1/-1}.lab-measures{gap:var(--space-4);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:var(--space-4);grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;display:grid}.lab-measures dt{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--muted)}.lab-measures dd{font-size:var(--text-2xl);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;margin:8px 0 0}.article .lab-explanation{font-size:var(--text-sm);min-height:72px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:1.65}.sr-only{clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}[hidden]{display:none!important}@media (width<=1000px){.nav{gap:24px}.nav .contact{margin-left:0}.identity-photo,.identity-label span:last-child{grid-column:9/-1}.identity-copy{grid-column:1/8}.identity h1{font-size:4.5rem}.identity-intro{font-size:var(--text-lg)}.section-heading h2{font-size:var(--text-2xl)}.research-preview-copy{grid-column:1/6;padding-right:0}.research-preview-image,.research-preview-interactive{grid-column:6/-1}.research-preview-image{padding:16px}.research-section .metric-tabs{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 20px;display:grid}.research-section .metric-tabs button{text-align:left}.research-preview-copy h3{font-size:var(--text-xl)}.team-heading{display:block}.team-heading>span{margin-top:8px;display:block}.code-index{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.footer-links{grid-column:8/-1}.project-record>a:first-of-type{grid-column:2/9}.project-details{grid-area:2/2/auto/9;padding:0}.project-record>a:last-child{grid-column:10/-1}}@media (width<=720px){:root{--grid-gap:20px}.site-header{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:0;padding-block:16px 8px;display:flex}.brand{align-items:center;min-height:36px;display:inline-flex}.nav{width:100%;font-size:var(--text-sm);justify-content:space-between;gap:12px}.identity-label{font-size:var(--text-xs);flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px 20px;display:flex}.identity-bottom{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 124px;gap:24px}.identity-copy{grid-column:1}.identity-photo{grid-column:2}.identity h1{margin-bottom:24px;font-size:3.5rem}.identity-intro{font-size:var(--text-base);max-width:none;line-height:1.65}.identity-photo figcaption{font-size:.75rem}.identity-index{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 24px;margin-block:24px 32px}.section{padding-block:40px}.homepage>.section{padding-block:32px 40px}.section-heading{grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:16px 24px;margin-bottom:32px}.section-heading .section-number{grid-column:1/-1}.section-heading h2{font-size:var(--text-2xl);grid-column:1}.section-heading>.text-link{grid-column:2}.employer{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px;padding-block:32px}.employer-mark,.employer>div:last-child{grid-column:1}.employer-mark{justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:0;display:flex}.employer-mark>span{margin:0}.spacex-mark{width:140px}.amazon-mark{width:104px}.team-heading{display:flex}.team-heading>span{margin:0}.team-heading h3{font-size:1.375rem}.research-preview{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px;padding-block:32px}.research-preview-copy,.research-preview-image,.research-preview-interactive{grid-column:1}.research-preview-copy h3{max-width:26ch;font-size:1.75rem}.research-preview-copy p{max-width:60ch}.research-preview-image{padding:16px}.code-index{gap:12px 24px}.code-index>span{grid-column:1/-1}.essay-feature,.list-row{grid-template-columns:1fr 24px;gap:16px}.essay-feature>.eyebrow,.list-row>.year{grid-column:1;padding:0}.essay-feature>div,.list-row>div:not(.year){grid-column:1}.essay-feature>.icon,.list-row>.icon,.row-arrow{grid-area:2/2}.essay-feature h3,.list-row h3{font-size:1.75rem}.interests-copy{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.interests-copy p:first-child,.interests-copy p:last-child{grid-column:1}.career-role-dates{margin-top:2px;margin-left:0;display:block}.footer-top{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px}.footer-top>div:first-child,.footer-links{grid-column:1}.footer-links{justify-content:flex-start}.footer-bottom{margin-top:48px}.page-head{padding-block:48px 32px}.page-head h1{font-size:var(--text-4xl)}.page-head .lead{font-size:var(--text-base)}.article{padding-bottom:48px}.project-record{grid-template-columns:24px minmax(0,1fr);gap:16px;padding-block:32px}.project-number{grid-column:1}.project-record>a:first-of-type{grid-column:2}.project-record h2{font-size:var(--text-xl)}.project-details{grid-area:2/2}.project-record>a:last-child{grid-column:2;justify-self:start}.about-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 160px;gap:24px}.about-grid>div{grid-column:1}.about-grid>figure{grid-column:2}.two-col{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0}.vision-explorer,.subspace-lab{padding:24px}.metric-tabs{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 20px;display:grid}.metric-tabs button{text-align:left}}@media (width<=480px){.identity-bottom{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px;position:relative}.identity-copy{grid-column:1}.identity h1{max-width:calc(100% - 100px);font-size:clamp(40px,12vw,54px)}.identity-photo{width:88px;padding:0;position:absolute;top:8px;right:0}.identity-photo figcaption{display:none}.identity-intro{max-width:none;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.45}.identity-index a{font-size:var(--text-sm);gap:8px}.identity-index a>span{font-size:.75rem}.section-heading{grid-template-columns:1fr}.section-heading h2,.section-heading>.text-link{grid-column:1;justify-self:start}.section-heading h2{font-size:1.75rem}.writing-section .essay-feature h3{font-size:1.875rem}.section-heading>.text-link{margin-top:-8px}.team-heading{display:block}.team-heading>span{margin-top:8px}.team-summary{padding-block:24px}.code-index{grid-template-columns:1fr}.code-index>span{grid-column:1}.page-head h1{font-size:var(--text-3xl);overflow-wrap:anywhere}.article p,.article li{font-size:var(--text-base)}.article .essay p{font-size:1.125rem}.article-meta{gap:20px}.about-grid{flex-direction:column-reverse;display:flex}.about-grid>figure{max-width:180px}.vision-explorer,.subspace-lab{padding:20px 16px}.plot-label strong{font-size:var(--text-2xl)}.plot-heading{flex-direction:column;gap:4px}.plot-takeaway{min-height:150px}.results-table{font-size:var(--text-xs)}.results-table th,.results-table td{padding:12px 4px}.lab-measures{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.lab-modes{gap:0}.footer .text-link{overflow-wrap:anywhere}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,:before,:after{transition-duration:.01ms!important;animation-duration:.01ms!important}}@media print{.site-header,.footer,.skip,.back,.print-button{display:none!important}.wrap{max-width:none;padding:0}.article{max-width:none}body{font-size:11pt}.page-head{padding:0}.page-head h1{font-size:28pt}.resume-section{break-inside:avoid}a{color:inherit}}.paper-head{max-width:1120px;padding-top:32px}.page-head .paper-title{max-width:none;font-size:var(--text-4xl);margin-block:24px;line-height:1.12}.paper-title>span{max-width:48ch;font-size:var(--text-2xl);letter-spacing:-.025em;margin-top:16px;line-height:1.3;display:block}.paper-authors{max-width:80ch;font-size:var(--text-sm);color:var(--muted)}.button-note{font-size:var(--text-xs);opacity:.8}.paper-index{border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:var(--text-sm);flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 32px;margin-bottom:32px;padding-block:12px;display:flex}.paper-index a{align-items:center;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex}.research-article,.research-article p,.research-article li{max-width:none}.research-article>section{scroll-margin-top:32px}.research-article .source-link{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--muted);margin-block:8px 16px;line-height:1.65;display:inline-block}.experiment-protocol{padding-left:24px}.experiment-protocol li{margin-bottom:20px;padding-left:8px}.research-article .paper-figure{margin-block:32px}.paper-figure figcaption strong{color:var(--ink);font-weight:550}.figure-sources{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 24px;margin-top:8px;display:flex}.figure-sources .source-link{margin:0}.paper-table{margin-block:24px;overflow-x:auto}.paper-table table{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left;width:100%;font-size:var(--text-sm);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.paper-table caption{text-align:left;font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:16px}.paper-table th,.paper-table td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:12px 16px 12px 0}.paper-table th{font-weight:500}.pca-results{border-top:1px solid var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-block:48px;padding-block:24px}.pca-results-heading{justify-content:space-between;align-items:start;gap:24px;margin-bottom:24px;display:flex}.article .pca-results-heading h3{margin:0 0 12px}.article .pca-results-heading p{font-size:var(--text-sm);color:var(--muted);max-width:40ch;margin:0}.pca-results-heading label{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--muted);gap:8px;display:grid}.pca-results-heading select{font:inherit;font-size:var(--text-sm);color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;border-radius:0;min-height:44px;padding:8px 32px 8px 12px}.pca-results-heading select:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:3px}.pca-result-row{border-top:1px solid var(--line);grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr 1fr;align-items:start;gap:24px;padding-block:24px;display:grid}.pca-result-row h4{font-size:var(--text-base);margin:0 0 8px}.article .pca-result-row p{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--muted);margin:0;line-height:1.7}.pca-result-value{font-size:var(--text-2xl);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;line-height:1.2}.pca-result-detail{font-size:var(--text-lg);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;line-height:1.6}.pca-result-detail.configuration{font-size:var(--text-base)}.pca-result-value span,.pca-result-detail span{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px;line-height:1.65;display:block}.article .pca-results-note,.article .paper-source-note{font-size:var(--text-sm);color:var(--muted);line-height:1.7}.concept-note{border-block:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:48px;padding-block:16px}.concept-note summary{cursor:pointer;min-height:44px;font-size:var(--text-sm);padding-block:8px}.article .concept-note>p{font-size:var(--text-sm);margin-top:16px}.concept-note .subspace-lab{margin-bottom:16px}.paper-resources{margin-top:48px}@media (width<=720px){.page-head .paper-title{font-size:var(--text-3xl)}.paper-title>span{font-size:var(--text-xl);line-height:1.4}.pca-results-heading{flex-direction:column}.pca-result-row{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.6fr) 1fr;gap:16px}.pca-result-detail{font-size:var(--text-base);grid-column:2}.pca-result-row>div:first-child{grid-row:1/3}.paper-index{gap:4px 20px}}@media (width<=480px){.page-head .paper-title{font-size:var(--text-2xl);overflow-wrap:normal}.paper-title>span{font-size:var(--text-lg)}.paper-table table{font-size:var(--text-xs)}.paper-table th,.paper-table td{padding-right:8px}.paper-head .button{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}.paper-head .button-note{text-align:center;width:100%}}.brief-head{max-width:1040px;padding-top:24px}.brief-head h1{max-width:28ch;font-size:clamp(32px,4vw,52px);line-height:1.1}.brief-head .lead{max-width:66ch}.brief-byline{font-size:var(--text-sm);color:var(--muted);flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 24px;margin-top:20px;display:flex}.brief-summary{border-top:2px solid var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0 0 40px;padding:24px 0 16px}.article .brief-summary h2{margin:0 0 16px;font-size:1.375rem}.article .brief-summary p,.article .brief-summary li{font-size:var(--text-base);line-height:1.65}.article .brief-summary li{margin-bottom:12px}.project-brief>section{scroll-margin-top:24px}.project-brief h2{text-wrap:pretty}.project-brief h3{line-height:1.25}.project-brief li{margin-bottom:12px}.brief-table{margin-block:28px;overflow-x:auto}.table-scroll-hint{display:none}.brief-table:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:4px}.brief-table table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:var(--text-sm);text-align:left;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;line-height:1.55}.brief-table caption{text-align:left;font-size:var(--text-sm);color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:12px}.brief-table th,.brief-table td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top;min-width:110px;padding:12px 16px 12px 0}.brief-table th{font-weight:500}.brief-table th:first-child{min-width:150px}.brief-process{margin:32px 0}.brief-process ol{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.brief-process li{border-top:2px solid var(--ink);flex-direction:column;gap:8px;margin:0;padding-top:16px;display:flex}.brief-process .step-number{color:var(--accent);font-size:var(--text-xs)}.brief-process strong{font-size:var(--text-base);font-weight:500;line-height:1.35}.brief-process li>span:last-child{font-size:var(--text-sm);color:var(--muted);line-height:1.6}.brief-process figcaption{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--muted);margin-top:12px}.brief-example{background:var(--soft);border-left:2px solid var(--ink);margin-block:24px;padding:24px}.article .brief-example h3{font-size:var(--text-base);margin:0 0 12px}.article .brief-example p{font-size:var(--text-base);line-height:1.6}.brief-example p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.brief-example dl{font-size:var(--text-sm);grid-template-columns:100px minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px 20px;margin:0;display:grid}.brief-example dt{color:var(--muted)}.brief-example dd{overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin:0}.article .brief-source{font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--muted);margin-top:16px;line-height:1.6}.brief-code{white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere;background:var(--soft);padding:20px;font:13px/1.6 ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Consolas,monospace}.brief-resources{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:40px;padding-top:8px}@media (width<=720px){.article .table-scroll-hint{font-size:var(--text-sm);color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 12px;display:block}.brief-process ol{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:16px}.brief-process li{grid-template-columns:24px minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px 16px;display:grid}.brief-process li>span:last-child{grid-column:2}.brief-summary{margin-bottom:32px}.brief-head h1{font-size:2.25rem}}@media (width<=480px){.brief-head h1{overflow-wrap:normal;font-size:2rem}.brief-example{padding:20px 16px}.brief-example dl{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:4px}.brief-example dd{margin-bottom:12px}.brief-table table{font-size:var(--text-sm)}.brief-table th,.brief-table td{min-width:100px}.brief-table th:first-child{min-width:130px}}.site-header,.eyebrow,.section-number,.tag,.text-link,.button,.identity-label,.identity-index,.employer-mark>span,.team-heading>span,.team-role,.code-index,.footer-links,.footer-bottom,.article-meta,.paper-index,.paper-authors,.brief-byline,.paper-table,.brief-table,.figure-caption,.paper-figure figcaption,.brief-process figcaption,.brief-source,.brief-example dl,.brief-process .step-number,.plot-heading,.metric-tabs,.plot-label,.plot-protocol,.results-table,.lab-controls,.lab-measures,.pca-results-heading label,.pca-result-value,.pca-result-detail,.resume-sheet figcaption{font-family:var(--sans);letter-spacing:-.025em}.page-head,.paper-head,.brief-head{max-width:none;padding-bottom:28px}.page-head h1,.brief-head h1{letter-spacing:-.04em;max-width:none;font-weight:400}.page-head .lead,.brief-head .lead,.paper-authors,.paper-title>span,.reading-note{max-width:none}.page-head .lead{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.375rem;line-height:1.42}.article h2{letter-spacing:-.035em;margin-block:32px 14px;font-size:2rem}.article h3{letter-spacing:-.035em;margin-block:24px 12px;font-size:1.5rem}.article>section{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:28px;padding-top:4px}.article>section:first-child{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.article .brief-summary h2{font-size:1.75rem}.article .brief-summary p,.article .brief-summary li,.article .brief-example p{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5}.brief-summary{margin-bottom:28px;padding-block:20px 8px}.brief-process strong{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700}.brief-process li>span:last-child{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.45}.brief-process ol{gap:20px}.brief-process{margin-block:24px}.paper-index{gap:4px 24px;margin-bottom:24px}.team-summary p{max-width:none;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.45}.team-heading h3{font-size:1.625rem}.team-role{color:var(--muted);margin-top:4px;font-size:.9375rem}.research-preview-copy p,.essay-feature p,.list-row p,.project-record p,.about-grid p{max-width:none;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5}.research-preview-copy{padding-right:12px}.identity-intro{max-width:none;font-family:var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.03em;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.35}.identity h1{letter-spacing:-.055em;font-weight:400}.two-col{gap:32px}.about-grid>div{min-width:0}.brief-code,.brief-code code{letter-spacing:0}.resume-head{padding-top:40px}.resume-head .actions{margin-bottom:0}.resume-document{background:var(--soft);border:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:48px;padding:24px}.resume-sheet{max-width:1100px;margin:0 auto 28px}.resume-sheet:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.resume-sheet>a{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;display:block}.resume-sheet img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.resume-sheet figcaption{color:var(--muted);padding-top:12px;font-size:.875rem}.resume-sheet figcaption a{text-decoration:underline}@media (width>=721px){.employer-mark{grid-column:1/3}.employer>div:last-child{grid-column:3/-1}.section-heading .section-number{grid-column:1/3}.section-heading h2{grid-column:3/10}.essay-feature>.eyebrow,.list-row>.year{grid-column:1/3}.essay-feature>div,.list-row>div:not(.year){grid-column:3/12}}@media (width<=720px){.page-head .lead{font-size:1.25rem}.article p,.article li,.article .essay p,.article .brief-summary p,.article .brief-summary li,.article .brief-example p{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.48}.article h2{font-size:1.75rem}.team-summary p{font-size:1.125rem}.resume-document{padding:8px}.resume-sheet{margin-bottom:20px}}.current-research{gap:var(--grid-gap);border-top:1px solid var(--line);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));padding-block:28px 36px;display:grid}.current-research-status{font:400 .875rem/1.5 var(--sans);grid-column:1/4}.current-research-status>span,.current-research-status>strong{display:block}.current-research-status>strong{color:var(--accent);margin-top:12px;font-weight:500}.current-research-copy{grid-column:4/-1}.current-research h2,.current-research h3{margin-bottom:12px;font-size:2rem}.current-research h2 a:hover,.current-research h3 a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px}.current-research p{color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:16px}.current-research-context{color:var(--muted);font:400 .8125rem/1.5 var(--sans);margin-bottom:8px}.contact-emails{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 28px;display:flex}.about-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr))}.about-grid>div{grid-column:1/8}.about-grid>figure.about-group{grid-column:8/-1;margin:0}.about-group .about-portrait{aspect-ratio:4/5;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 58%;height:auto}.about-grid>div>p a{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px}.about-spacex{width:100%;max-width:1100px;margin:0 auto 48px}.about-spacex img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.about-spacex figcaption{font:400 .875rem/1.5 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);padding-top:12px}.reference-list a{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px}@media (width<=720px){.current-research{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px;padding-block:24px 32px}.current-research-status,.current-research-copy{grid-column:1}.current-research-status>strong{margin-top:4px}.current-research h2,.current-research h3{font-size:1.75rem}.current-research p{font-size:1.125rem}.about-grid{flex-direction:column;display:flex}.about-grid>figure.about-group{order:-1;width:100%;max-width:520px}.about-spacex{margin-bottom:32px}.contact-emails{flex-direction:column}}.music-mount{min-height:2px}.music-section{font-family:var(--sans);margin-top:3rem}.music-header,.music-label{justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:1rem;display:flex}.music-header{border-top:1px solid;padding-top:1.5rem}.music-header h3{margin:0;font-size:2rem}.spotify-attribution{padding:12px;display:block}.spotify-attribution img{width:88px;height:auto;display:block}.music-header a,.music-label span,.music-artist,.music-rank{color:var(--muted,#62676a);font-size:.875rem}.music-playing{border-bottom:1px solid #d7dadb;grid-template-columns:150px 1fr;align-items:center;gap:1rem;padding:1.5rem 0;display:grid}.music-playing>div{min-width:0}.music-playing p{margin:0;font-size:1rem}.music-playing .music-item{border:0;max-width:620px;padding:0}.music-columns{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:3rem;margin-top:2rem;display:grid}.music-label{margin-bottom:1rem}.music-label h4{margin:0;font-size:1.1rem}.music-tracks{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.music-item{border-top:1px solid #d7dadb;align-items:center;gap:1rem;padding:.8rem 0;text-decoration:none;display:flex}.music-item>span:not(.music-rank):not(.music-open){min-width:0}.music-item strong{overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-size:1rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.3}.music-item:hover strong{text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration:underline}.music-item img{object-fit:contain;flex-shrink:0;width:56px;height:56px}.music-artist{margin-top:.3rem;line-height:1.3;display:block}.music-rank{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;flex-shrink:0;width:1.3rem}.music-open{margin-left:auto}.music-albums{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1.5rem 1rem;display:grid}.music-albums .music-item{border:0;padding:0;display:block}.music-albums .music-item img{aspect-ratio:1;width:100%;height:auto;margin-bottom:.65rem}.music-albums .music-open{display:none}.music-status{font-size:1rem}@media (width<=900px){.music-columns{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2rem}.music-playing{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.6rem}}@media (width<=480px){.music-albums{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.music-item{gap:.7rem}}.personal-copy{gap:var(--grid-gap);grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));display:grid}.personal-copy>p{grid-column:4/-1;max-width:60ch;margin:0;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.4}@media (width>=1500px){.personal-copy>p{grid-column:3/-1}}@media (width<=900px){.personal-copy{display:block}.personal-copy>p{font-size:1.25rem}}